UNESCO is the lead UN Agency for promoting freedom of expression and safety of journalists as part of its mandate to “promote the free flow of ideas by word and image”.
Understanding Journalist Safety in Croatia
Croatia ranks relatively high on the journalists' physical safety index, lower than average on the digital and psychological safety index and average on the journalists' financial safety index. Overall journalist safety index for Croatia is close to the global average. Lower values for psychological and financial safety are likely correlated with the precarious working conditions of freelance journalists, very low wages, poorly protected working conditions and high incidences of SLAPP cases. Though journalists with full-time contracts are relatively well protected under the Labour Act, a large share of journalists are on temporary contracts, and are thus far less protected (e.g. with unregulated parental or sick leave, very low and irregular incomes, no unemployment benefits). Furthermore, The Labour Act and the Media Act are often not respected while the self-regulatory measures by the media are weak. Most of the reported attacks on journalists are verbal attacks and threats. There have been a few cases of physical assaults on journalists over the last five years. Online threats are rarely reported but are very common which is confirmed by the low index of digital safety in the last wave of the WJS.
References:
Vozab, D. (2022). Status atipičnih radnika i freelancera u hrvatskim medijima. Sindikat za pravedni oporavak – istraživački izvještaj. Zagreb: Sindikat novinara Hrvatske.
Vozab, D., Čuvalo, A. (2024). Local media for democracy – country focus: Croatia. In: Verza, S., Blagojev, T., Da Costa Liete Borges, D., Kermer, J. E., Trevisan, M., Reviglio della Venaria, U. (eds.) Uncovering news deserts in Europe : risks and opportunities for local and community media in the EU. EUI; RSC; Research Report 2024. Centre for Media Pluralism and Freedom.
Safety Dimensions
This radar chart displays how the country performs across all four safety dimensions, revealing areas of strength and concern.
Gender Safety Gap
This comparison highlights differences in safety experiences between male and female journalists, revealing potential gender-based disparities.
Physical Safety
The physical dimension carries 50% weight in the safety index. Read the methodology in full.
Journalist Killings (35% weight in physical dimension)
This figure represents the total number of journalist killings in Croatia between 2016 and 2024.
Data sourced from UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists.
Note: This indicator carries 35% of the weight within the physical dimension of the Safety Index, making it the most significant factor in this category.
Responses to: "I am concerned about my physical wellbeing" (20% weight in physical dimension)
Responses to: "In the last five years, how often have you experienced any of the following actions related to your work as a journalist?"
Arrests, detentions or imprisonment (15% weight in physical dimension)
Sexual assault or sexual harassment (15% weight in physical dimension)
Other physical attacks (15% weight in physical dimension)
Abductions (did not contribute to calculation)
Office raids or seizures or damage of equipment (did not contribute to calculation)
Being required to work in an environment where COVID-19 had easily spread (did not contribute to calculation)
Psychological Safety
The psychological dimension carries 25% weight in the safety index. Read the methodology in full.
Responses to: "I am concerned about my emotional wellbeing" (20% weight in psychological dimension)
Responses to: "In the last five years, how often have you experienced any of the following actions related to your work as a journalist?"
Demeaning or hateful speech directed at you (16% weight in psychological dimension)
Public discrediting of your work (16% weight in psychological dimension)
Legal actions against you because of your work (16% weight in psychological dimension)
Stalking (16% weight in psychological dimension)
Other threats or intimidation directed at you (16% weight in psychological dimension)
Coercion (did not contribute to calculation)
Questioning of your personal morality (did not contribute to calculation)
Workplace bullying (did not contribute to calculation)
Intimidation that targets your family or close associates (did not contribute to calculation)
Digital Safety
The digital dimension carries 12.5% weight in the safety index. Read the methodology in full.
Responses to: "In the last five years, how often have you experienced any of the following actions related to your work as a journalist?"
Surveillance (50% weight in digital dimension)
Hacking or blocking of social media accounts or websites (50% weight in digital dimension)
Others using your byline for fabricated or manipulated stories (did not contribute to calculation)
Others disseminating your personal information (did not contribute to calculation)
Financial Safety
The financial dimension carries 12.5% weight in the safety index. Read the methodology in full.
Responses to: "I am worried about losing my job in journalism within the next 12 months" (20% weight in financial dimension)
Responses to: "Which of the following categories best describes your current working situation as a journalist?" (20% weight in financial dimension)
Responses to "Approximately what percentage of your overall work-related income comes from your work as a journalist?" (20% weight in financial dimension)
Responses to: "How many hours a week on average do you work as a journalist?" (20% weight in financial dimension)
Responses to: "In which of the following categories does your salary as a journalist fall?" (20% weight in financial dimension)
Demographics
This section contains demographic information about survey respondents from Croatia.
Coming soon
Demographic information about survey respondents will be available in a future update.